Gangrene - Symptoms of gangrene

The symptoms of gangrene vary depending on the underlying cause. The condition can affect any part of the body, but typically starts in the toes, feet, fingers or hands.

General symptoms of gangrene include:

• initial redness and swelling 
• either a loss of sensation or severe pain in the affected area
• sores or blisters that bleed or release a dirty-looking or foul-smelling discharge (if the gangrene is caused by an infection)
• the skin becoming cold and pale

In some cases, the affected limb may feel heavy and pressing the skin may produce a crackling sound. These symptoms are caused by a build-up of gas under the skin.

If the area is infected, you may also have other signs related to the underyling infection, such as:

• a high temperature (fever)
• loss of appetite
• rapid heartbeat and breathing
• dizziness
• shivering

Without treatment the affected tissue will start to die. When this happens, the area changes colour from red to brown to purple or black, before shrivelling up and falling away from the surrounding healthy tissue.

When to seek medical advice

The earlier treatment begins, the more successful it is likely to be. Contact your GP immediately if you notice:

• any of the symptoms of gangrene mentioned above
• a persistent fever
• a wound that is unusually slow to heal

If your GP is not available, call NHS 111 or your local out-of-hours service for advice.

When to seek emergency help

If bacteria from gangrene pass into your bloodstream, you could go into septic shock. This is a life-threatening condition that happens when an infection causes your blood pressure to drop to a dangerously low level.

Signs of septic shock include:

• a rapid but weak pulse
• dizziness when you stand up
• a change in your mental state, such as confusion or disorientation
• breathing difficulties
• vomiting
• diarrhoea
• cold, clammy and pale skin

If you suspect that you or someone you know is in septic shock, dial 999 immediately and ask for an ambulance.